(Apologies for the lateness of this post, written for the Classics Circuit Duelling Authors Tour. I had a busy week, and this isn’t even the post I’d planned to write. Maybe another time I can go into class as it pertains to happiness in marriage in Emma, but I hope you enjoy my little musing on Jane Fairfax instead!
I’m not sure it’s necessary to include a spoiler warning on a book almost two hundred years old, but just to be sure, there are spoilers for Emma in this post!)
My favorite character in Jane Austen’s Emma is Emma herself, but I’ve always been intrigued by the character of Jane Fairfax. A foil for Emma, she is everything Emma is not: reserved where Emma is open and sincere, accomplished where Emma is unfocused and distracted, secretive where Emma is straightforward, detached where Emma is meddlesome.
Though she has grown up being acquainted with her, and hearing her letters read by her aunt, Miss Bates, Emma doesn’t like Jane; she finds her reserve off-putting, but Mr. Knightley thinks there is some envy at work: “It was because she saw in her the really accomplished young woman, which she wanted to be thought herself; and though the accusation had been eagerly refuted at the time, there were moments of self-examination in which her conscience could not quite acquit her.”
An orphan, Jane Fairfax was raised by her grandmother and maiden aunt, until a friend of her deceased father, Colonel Campbell, took her in to educate and raise her along with his own daughter.
The plan was that she should be brought up for educating others; the very few hundred pounds which she inherited from her father making independence impossible. To provide for her otherwise was out of Colonel Campbell’s power; for though his income, by pay and appointments, was handsome, his fortune was moderate and must be all his daughter’s; but, by giving her an education, he hoped to be supplying the means of respectable subsistence hereafter.
However, when she finally reached adulthood, the Colonel’s family couldn’t part with her, and so she remained with them until their daughter married Mr. Dixon, a man whose home is Ireland.
When Jane returns to Highbury for the first time in two years, Emma finds her as reserved as ever (“She was, besides, which was the worst of all, so cold, so cautious! There was no getting at her real opinion. Wrapt up in a cloak of politeness, she seemed determined to hazard nothing. She was disgustingly, was suspiciously reserved.”) Emma tries again to like Jane, but her reserve continues to repell her and make her uncomfortable (it’s often the case that the outgoing interpret the reserved as judgemental and snobbish, when ironically they are the ones passing judgement). The genial Emma sees such reserve as aloofness, coldness, and even perhaps as hiding a secret: Emma imagines a romance between Jane and her friend’s new husband, Mr. Dixon. She unwisely shares this suspicion with Mr. Frank Churchill, and their private joke is the cause of a lot of pain and embarassment to Jane.
But Frank Churchill should know better; he is the cause of her secrecy, a secrecy which more than once she seems on the verge of breaking. On the prospect of Frank Churchill’s father, Mr. Weston, planning a ball, Jane is effervescent with excitement:
[Jane] enjoyed the thought of it to an extraordinary degree. It made her animated—open hearted—she voluntarily said;—
“Oh! Miss Woodhouse, I hope nothing may happen to prevent the ball. What a disappointment it would be! I do look forward to it, I own, with very great pleasure.”
And when Emma discovers Jane making her escape from the strawberry-gathering party at Donwell Abbey, and the overbearing Mrs. Elton, who is determined to find a post for her as a governess with friends (who one may imagine have manners similar to those of “Mrs. E”, though with the way she imagines herself welcome in everybody’s society, it’s just as possible they are decent people she’s pushed herself upon) Jane almost speaks out.
“I am,”—she answered—”I am fatigued; but it is not the sort of fatigue—quick walking will refresh me.—Miss Woodhouse, we all know at times what it is to be wearied in spirits. Mine, I confess, are exhausted. The greatest kindness you can shew me, will be to let me have my own way, and only say that I am gone when it is necessary.”
Emma had not another word to oppose. She saw it all; and entering into her feelings, promoted her quitting the house immediately, and watched her safely off with the zeal of a friend. Her parting look was grateful—and her parting words, “Oh! Miss Woodhouse, the comfort of being sometimes alone!”—seemed to burst from an overcharged heart, and to describe somewhat of the continual endurance to be practised by her, even towards some of those who loved her best.
In her brief lapse of reticence, it’s easy to see Jane’s frustrations with her lot. Nowhere can she escape from the obnoxious voice of Mrs. Elton or the perhaps less-unwelcome, but still incessant, voice of her aunt. What is not so easy to deduce from these words, at least for Emma, is the true story, and that is Jane’s engagement to the charming and duplicitous, if harmless, Frank Churchill. He seems to be drawn to her reserve, to find her mysterious, but he causes so much pain to her unnecessarily, and has so much amusement at her expense, one wonders if they can be truly happy together. He does seem to really love her, however, and at the very least, he makes possible her narrow escape from life as a governess: a shadow-life, not quite lady, not quite servant, unable to marry for as long as she is employed, no conversation except with children, and all of that most likely for very little pay.
Once the truth comes out, and Emma is in on Jane’s secret, she begins to see Jane Fairfax in a new light, and at the end of the book it looks like Jane could be the good friend Emma was looking for in Harriet Smith, the good friend she could have been all along, if circumstances had been different, or if Emma had been patient enough to look through the reserve for the real Jane Fairfax.

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